House Design in the Seventeenth Century托福tpo69听力原文翻译及问题答案

House Design in the Seventeenth Century 托福红Delta听力原文翻译及问题答案，今天常春藤就来为大家分析这个问题。

一、House Design in the Seventeenth Century 托福红Delta听力原文：

In New England today,around eighty houses that were built in the seventeenth century are still standing.Many of these houses—and the documents relating to them—have been thoroughly studied,and some of the houses have been carefully restored to their original condition.These early houses of New England are the greatest single source of knowledge about domestic architecture of the seventeenth century,particularly about details of plan and construction.

All seventeenth-century houses were not alike.There was some variety in their floor plans,with each house being shaped by the circumstances of the family and the characteristics of the site.Nevertheless,it’s possible to identify the three most common plan types,which were the one-room plan,the two-room plan,and the added lean-to plan.We can even figure out the order in which they probably evolved.

The one-room plan was the simplest and the earliest design.It was used in the early cottages at Plymouth and Salem,dating back to the 1620s,and it remained common in smaller and poorer dwellings throughout the century.In the one-room plan,the front door opened into a small entry room,which was then called the“porch.”In the porch,there was a steep staircase built up against a massive chimney.The large main room was a combination living-dining-cooking room called the“hall.”In this room,there was a huge fireplace set into the chimney mass.The staircase in the porch led to one large sleeping room upstairs.

The second house design was the two-room plan,which was simply the one-room plan with a parlor added at the other side of the chimney and porch.The result was a house with two fireplaces,one in the hall and one in the parlor,that were set back-to-back in the central chimney structure.In several earlier examples of this design,the parlor was actually built onto an older one-room house,enlarging the smaller house.But more common in later examples,both rooms were built at the same time when families could afford it.Upstairs,there were two sleeping rooms,called the“hall chamber”and the“parlor chamber,”after the room below each.

The third design,the added lean-to plan,was the result of an addition at the back of the house,making this the largest of the three plans.The lean-to addition had roof rafters leaning against the second-story wall of the main house.The added space was used as a kitchen.The cooking was done in a fireplace added to the back of the central chimney structure.There were two more rooms built on either side of the kitchen.On the cold side of the kitchen,there was a pantry for food storage,and on the warm side,facing the sun on the south,there was a bedroom.Above the kitchen,under the lean-to roof,there was attic space for storage or more sleeping rooms,which you reached by a staircase leading up from the kitchen.

These three house plans form a logical evolutionary sequence.The one-room plan was the earliest design.Then the two-room plan was most common up until around 1650.By the year 1700,the lean-to plan was dominant.However,it’s important to note that the one-room plan—although it came earliest—continued to be built throughout the seventeenth century.So,it’s best not to try to determine the age of a colonial house strictly by its plan type,which is not a perfect indicator of the house’s age．

二、House Design in the Seventeenth Century 托福红Delta听力中文翻译：

学生：；嗨，我是罗伯特·韦斯特，我们有个约会&书信电报；br&gt；

大学管理员：；你听说你的毕业典礼了吧？我正要把它打印出来。

学生：；哦，很好，谢谢，我有点想知道这是怎么回事，我的意思是，我已经完成了足够多的课程工作，可以毕业了。

大学管理员：；所有这些都是严格的例行公事，当然你必须完成你的课程作业。但这份表格只是行政检查表&nbsp；这是我们确保你没有任何未完成的大学事务的方式，比如未付的学费或实验室费用之类的。

学生：；嗯，我确实有一笔未偿还的学生贷款，但有人告诉我，我还没有开始还清贷款，直到我找到工作，我明天才有一个工作面试。

大学管理员：；好吧，祝你好运，但不是你的贷款，这不是问题&nbsp；让我想想，我看到的唯一问题是，嗯，你从音乐图书馆借来的过期CD，罚款是多少。

学生：；真正地一、..我三个月前就看过了，但不是真的适合我。

大学管理员：；哦，你给朋友看的

学生：；不，实际上是为了一名教员&nbsp；我们制作的剧本需要这种音乐&nbsp；威廉姆斯教授是我们的导演，我也在节目中&nbsp；不管怎样，他让我从图书馆借来录音。

大学管理员：；好吧，但这仍然不能解释你为什么不归还它。

学生：；好吧，他最终得到了它。他说他会还的。我只是假设是这样&nbsp；因为我从未从图书馆听到任何消息。

大学管理员：；仅此而已，你用过它，你知道这一点。

学生：；是的，哦，但我最近确实搬到了一套新公寓，也许他们确实寄了一些东西。

大学管理员：；好吧，这应该在一段时间内完成&nbsp；但正如他们所说，迟交总比不交好，如果你现在就归还CD，你只会迟到一段时间，这远远低于更换CD的费用。

学生：；是的，但这完全不是我的错，所以现在我必须追查17世纪的房子设计 托福红Delta听力原文翻译及问题答案

一、十七世纪的房屋设计 托福红Delta听力原文：

在今天的新英格兰，大约有80所建于17世纪的房子仍然矗立着。其中许多房屋及其相关文件已被彻底研究，其中一些房屋已被仔细修复至原来的状态。这些新英格兰早期的房屋是17世纪国内建筑知识的最大单一来源，尤其是关于规划和建筑细节的知识。

所有17世纪的房子都不一样。他们的平面图有一些变化，每栋房子都是根据家庭情况和场地特点来设计的。然而，可以确定三种最常见的计划类型，即单室计划、双室计划和附加精益计划。我们甚至可以找出它们可能进化的顺序。

一个房间的设计是最简单、最早的设计。早在16世纪20年代，它就被用于普利茅斯和塞勒姆的早期别墅，在整个世纪中，它仍然普遍存在于较小和较贫穷的住宅中。在一个房间的平面图中，前门通向一个小的入口房间，这个房间后来被称为“门廊”门廊里有一座陡峭的楼梯，紧靠着一个巨大的烟囱。大的主房间是一个称为“大厅”的组合式客厅、餐厅和烹饪室在这个房间里，烟囱里有一个巨大的壁炉。门廊的楼梯通向楼上的一间大卧室。

第二套房子的设计是两个房间的平面图，这只是一个房间的平面图，在烟囱和门廊的另一边加了一个客厅。结果是一栋房子有两个壁炉，一个在大厅，一个在客厅，它们背靠背地设置在中央烟囱结构中。在这一设计的早期几个例子中，客厅实际上是建在一栋旧的单室房屋上，扩大了较小的房屋。但在后来的例子中更常见的是，两个房间都是在家庭能够负担得起的时候同时建造的。楼上有两间卧室，分别称为“大厅室”和“客厅室”，位于每个房间的下方。

第三个设计是“添加精益计划”，是在房子后面添加精益计划的结果，这是三个计划中最大的一个。这座倾斜式建筑的屋顶椽子靠在主楼的二层墙上。增加的空间被用作厨房。烹饪是在中央烟囱结构后面的壁炉中进行的。厨房的两边又建了两个房间。在厨房寒冷的一侧，有一个储藏食物的储藏室；在温暖的一侧，朝南面向太阳，有一个卧室。厨房上方，倾斜的屋顶下，有一个阁楼空间供s

三、House Design in the Seventeenth Century 托福红Delta听力问题：

Q1:According to the speaker,why are seventeenth-century houses significant to architectural historians?

A.They are good examples of houses designed for the working class.

B.They give architects interesting ideas for new house designs.

C.They provide important information about domestic construction.

D.They are easy to find and can be restored without much expense.

Q2:Where was the main staircase located in a seventeenth-century house?

A.In the porch

B.In the hall

C.In the parlor

D.In the bedroom

Q3:Why does the speaker say this:

A.To illustrate the different social classes of the time period

B.To compare the function of the parlor in different house designs

C.To describe two opposing views held by architectural historians

D.To explain how the two-room plan evolved from the one-room plan

Q4:Identify the kitchen in the floor diagram of the added lean-to plan.

A.A

B.B

C.C

D.D

Q5:Based on the information in the talk,indicate whether each sentence below characterizes the one-room plan,the two-room plan or the added lean-to plan.

For each sentence,click in the correct box.

Q6:

Why does the speaker say this:

A.Because only a few seventeenth-century houses have been studied

B.Because the earliest house plan continues to be built today

C.Because documents about colonial houses are difficult to read

D.Because plan type may not reveal exactly when a house was built

四、House Design in the Seventeenth Century 托福红Delta听力答案：

A1:正确答案：C

A2:正确答案：A

A3:正确答案：D

A4:正确答案：A

A5:正确答案：BCAC

A6:正确答案：D